Problems and flaws in the American Education Essay Example for Free

Issues and blemishes in the American Education Essay In this class we have perused numerous articles identified with the issues and blemishes in the American Education. Numerous individuals in the United States accept our instructive framework is in emergency. In this exposition, I will look at and differentiating the distinctions and likenesses between two articles. The creator of Idiot Nation takes us on a voyage through failings of America’s schools. He addresses subjects of social lack of education and the connections among schools and enterprises. In another article, the writer of In the Basement of the Ivory Tower validates a portion of the premonitions about the strategies and principles of American advanced education. These articles share similitudes and contrasts too. Educator X, the creator of In the Basement of the Ivory Tower, is low maintenance teacher of English in a school. The creator portrays what number of his understudies need genuine work in â€Å"basic skills†. Not many of his understudies can do well in his classes. Different understudies may never pass, since they can't compose a reasonable sentence. The Professor has experienced numerous understudies coming up short on the ability to prevail in his English classes. Thus, the creator of Idiot Nation, clarifies what number of the understudies going to school are oblivious. They have difficult issues in learning and knowing realities that they should know for truth. These two articles exhibit the issues that undergrads have when it comes down to instruction. Conversely, Professor X identifies with the understudies and has compassion towards their issues, yet the creator of Idiot Nation, doesn't appear to identify with these understudies. Michael Moore is forceful and doesn't legitimize the incompetence of the understudies. Teacher X discusses how he wishes to enable his understudies to compose increasingly astute expositions. He comprehends the students’ challenges in learning and disappointments. Besides, he attempts to discover arrangements, for example, relating the education methods they should concentrate to books that the understudies may have just perused. As should be obvious, the United States faces serious issues in today’s instruction. Numerous endeavors have been made to set up and show these issues to the general population. We might have the option to peruse and see these issues in papers, promotions, and book articles. Michael Moore and Professor X are writers of articles which portray and give a superior comprehension of the issues that are found in instruction all through the nation. Today numerous understudies face issues due to their absence of knowledge.

The United States of America Essay Example for Free

The United States of America Essay It is 2039 in the United States of America. There is another obligatory government law and strategy that requires every single American resident to hold fast to. The methodology is known as the Ein which is a German word that implies â€Å"one†. The method changes all ordinary individuals as we probably am aware them into incredibly smart individuals and reproduces them into lovely creatures. The procedure begins a programmed lift on which the individual rides, and goes starting with one machine then onto the next. The main machine controls the mind by utilizing a programmed electronic head piece that plummets from above onto the human head. The electronic headpiece stuns the mind and reinvents everything that is thoughtful, for example, feelings, sympathy and inventiveness. After that piece of the cerebrum is totally desensitized, the PC programming starts to change the brain, transforming each and every individual who goes into distanced, egocentric people. After the procedure is done, the human is completely puzzled and naturally moves to the following machine which is known as the Van-Trans. To shield the human from feeling any agony, the individual in question is first infused with a super torment reliever and afterward the human’s skeleton reshapes into a human box. After the individual is formed like a case, the Van-Trans start the reshaping system. In the wake of embellishment and cutting, the individual is made into a supermodel structure. This is an administrative standard necessity for all individuals to follow who dwells inside the United States. The entirety of the people who are reproduced are alluded to as Supers by the legislature. At long last, when the system is done, the Super is currently permitted to leave the Machine. On one event in the wake of having the technique done, there was a young lady who observes a young lady who was harmed in an auto collision and she required the youthful woman’s help. The young lady was oblivious and nobody would help her on account of how the necessary method influences each and every individual who has the technique done. The entirety of their feelings and sympathy is expelled during the strategy. In this way, the lady just ventured directly over the kid having no inclination at all for the young lady. The world has been transformed into an inhumane society. The administration has made a general public that is numb to having sentiments and adores their mind and external man. â€Å"Power has become so inconspicuous and complex a thing [†¦] that lone an unpretentious psyche can watch it work; here it is as yet constrained, still visible† (LeGuin 5). The people’s just force is their insight however they utilize their insight to get over on other people who are not Supers like them. â€Å"Nothing succeeds like success† (LeGuin 5). Works Cited LeGuin, Ursula K. The Left Hand Of Darkness. New York: Walker And Company, 1969.

Dehumanization in Night Essay -- The Holocaust Experience, Elie Wiese

Numerous subjects exist in Night, Elie Wiesel’s nightmarish story of his Holocaust experience. From typical life in a humble community to physical maltreatment in inhumane imprisonments, Night annals the excursion of Wiesel’s adolescent years. Neither Wiesel nor any of the Jews in Sighet could have envisioned the revulsions that would come to pass for them as their lived changed under the Nazi system. The Jews all lived tranquil, cultivated lives before German occupation. Eliezer Wiesel was worried about magic and his dad was â€Å"more engaged with the government assistance of others than with that of his own kin† (4). This would change in the coming weeks, as Jews are isolated, sent to camps, and both truly and sincerely mishandled. These progressions and misuse would dehumanize men and cause them to return to essential senses. Wiesel and his companions decline from enlightened people to savage creatures throughout Night. Isolation from the remainder of society starts the dehumanization of Sighet Jews. The primary measure taken by the Hungarian Police against Jews is to mark them with yellow stars. Right off the bat in Night, while life is as yet ordinary in spite of German control of their town, Wiesel clarifies: â€Å"Three days after the fact, another declaration: each Jew needed to wear the yellow star† (11). This declaration is dispiriting to Jews since it names them and separates them from the remainder of Sighet’s populace. Like trees set apart for logging or canines set apart with proprietor labels, numerous individuals in Sighet are set apart with yellow stars, to uncover their Jewish confidence. Avni portrays Wiesel and the Jews as being â€Å"propelled out of himself, out of humankind, out of the world as he knew it† (Avni 140). The Jews are removed from the ordinary lives they have driven for quite a long time and are starting to adhere to new guidelines... ...ely in this way, since they are so near death. Their lives are just about death. Through isolation, loss of character, and misuse, Wiesel and the detainees around him lapse from cultivated people into savage creatures. The yellow stars start detachment from society, trailed by ghettos and transports. Bareness and hair styles, at that point new names, expel each prisoner’s character, and physical maltreatment as malnourishment, night walks, and physical beatings wear out detainees. Before the finish of Night, the detainees are brutal from the encounters under German principle and, as Avni puts it, â€Å"a living dead, unfit for life† (Avni 129). The detainees return to creature senses, however experience such mental injury that typical existence with others might be years away. Night drastically delineates the serious dehumanization that happened under Hitler’s rule.

Culteral Event Impact Interview - Free Essay Example

Introduction Over the history, there have been various cultural revolutions that have impacted the lives of the people. Cultural Revolution entails a change that impacts the way people in culture lead their lives. Some people feel some cultural revolution played a critical role in their lives than others. In this regard, the following discussion is a cultural event impact interview highlighting the view of two individual who feels some of the cultural revolutions played a crucial role towards changing their societies. This discussion is highlighted into two parts. Part 1 Richard Roberts is the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of XYZ Company mainly dealing with marketing and sales of textile related products. He has been the CEO for last three decades. Over the years, businesses have experienced a lot of changes due to the effect of technological advancements. In this relation, I chose Richard since he has been able to observe how changes in technology have changed the way people used to communicate while in the workplace. In the interview, Richard was quick to highlight that technological advancements have resulted in significant changes to the way they have been communicating with the company. Having been a CEO for the last thirty years, he has been able to see changes which have influenced not only communication but also changed other functionalities of the business. Although the revolution has in most cases improved the operations of the business, he was quick to highlight that the revolution had some challenges. Regarding improving the business oper ations, Richard indicated that as the CEO, he has been able to utilize technology such as the use of video conferencing to increase organizational efficiency. On the challenges, Richard indicated that the cost involved in maintaining this facility as well as training personnel lessens the profit of the company. With the use of technology, it has revolutionized the way companies conduct their business activities. In fact, Richard views technology as the core factor that influences the success of any business. The company which has embraced the use of technology have been able to create a competitive edge in the market. Also, Richard highlighted that through the use of VoIP services such as Skype, text messages and apps such as Snapchat, he can communicate with family members while undertaking business activities unlike before. With technology, there are now multitude of options for communicating with customers, associates teams and family members, Part 2 Jim Ross is a renowned correspondent of the CNN. He has been reporting for many over 20 years covering various issues related to security. He was a part of the correspondent team that was covering the terrorist attack on the Pan Am Flight 103 in the resident area of Lockerbie, Scotland. Also, Jim reported the 9/11 terrorist attack and had been reporting the impacts of the attack towards security. Jim was largely affected by 9/11 since his son was a part of the people who died as a result of this attack. In this relation, I chose Jim due to his knowledge related to the impact that the 9/11 attack created to the society. The 9/11 was one of the most remembered cultural revolution that impacted the way society used to perceive security and which has changed from then. According to Jim, the incident changed everything including his life. In particular, he views his life to be torn into two parts: Before the 9/11 and after the 9/11. He indicated that before the attack, life was smooth and people had less concern about the internal security. There were no security cameras, and metal detectors in public buildings and no one cared what al-Qaeda was. However, the life after 9/11 was different. Jim views the life after to have impacted the whole society in general regardless of whether in politics, societal and economically. In particular, he views the life after the 9/11 to be mentally disturbing since he lost his son on that fateful day. This is one of the Cultural Revolution that had two major impacts; it improved the security that was previous being offered to an ordinary citizens. Also, it made life more challenging mostly to people who lost their loved ones. Jim, in particular, feels that the attack made him mentally ill when he recalls the incident as well as his son. Conclusion In conclusion, it is clear that cultural revolutions have the capacity to change various things in the society. It is evident that improvement in technology has created a society which has enabled businesses to operate efficiently from Richard’s case. Also, it is clear that 9/11 impacted a lot on the feeling the society had about security. The results of the interviews have similarities in that both the cultural revolutions impacted changes to the society. However, the interview has a lot of differing attitude towards the Cultural Revolution in each case. One is seen to contribute positively regarding the creation of opportunities whereas the other caused a lot of challenges to the society mostly those who were affected.

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Words to Describe Edgar Allen Poe Essay - 1683 Words

Words to Describe Edgar Allen Poe Hoaxter, liar, impostor, and plagiarizer (45) are words Kaplan used to describe Edgar Allan Poe. Poe as he claimed to be, was the best when it came to deception and perversion. In living his life and even in his manner of negotiating death, Poe was a captive of the imp of perversity. But with art as his shield, the realms of perversity became a haven for his troubled soul. . . Perversion is a complex strategy of mind, with its unique principles for regulating the negotiations between desire and authority. To achieve its aims, the perverse strategy employs mechanisms of mystification, concealment and illusion, devices characteristic of the tales of Edgar Allen Poe. The perverse strategy is, as†¦show more content†¦In some ways, The Raven shows Poe at his greatest image-making power, in which part of his life serves as a blueprint. His perfect illustration of the prison-like environment, on top of the inner turmoil of the narrator, creates a detailed, terrifying picture for the reader. At first glance, it is easy to see that Poe wrote this poem in reference to someone he truly loved. The problem is to know exactly who that person, Lenore, is, because without having that information, it would be impossible to understand the four points Poe is trying to make. By looking at the obvious, anybody can decide that Lenore was no longer part of the real-human-world. And if we accept that fact, we could rule out Virginia Poe, Edgars wife, and Elmira Royster, to whom Poe was engaged in 1826, because they were both alive when The Raven was being composed in 1844. Since that leaves us with Poes mother and foster mother whom he dearly loved, it would seem appropriate to say that Lenore was a nickname Edgar used to represent one of his dead mothers. But there are more problems to this equation. First of all, Poes real mother died when he was only two years old and for him to feel that much pain because of her death seems ridiculous. Second, his foster mother died in 1829; why would he wait fifteen years to express his feelings? And third, in a poem titled Lenore, which Edgar wrote around the same time as The Raven, he made it cle ar that Lenore wasShow MoreRelated Loss As Expressed in Edgar Allen Poe’s Annabel Lee Essay examples816 Words   |  4 PagesLoss As Expressed in Edgar Allen Poe’s Annabel Lee The death of Edgar Allen Poe’s young bride prompted a wealth of bitter resentment in the writer. While this is evidenced in many of his works, nowhere is his antipathy more explicit than in the poem, â€Å"Annabel Lee†. It is apparent from reading lines such as â€Å"the winds came out of a cloud, chilling My beautiful Annabel Lee† that Poe feels that he is somehow cursed and that the heavens stole his joy because the angels’ own discontent causedRead MoreThe Love for Annabel Lee849 Words   |  3 Pagesbeautiful wife; even after her untimely death. In the poem, â€Å"Annabel Lee†, Edgar Allen Poe uses repetition, alliteration, and internal rhyme to develop the theme of eternal love. Throughout the poem, â€Å"Annabel Lee†, Poe’s constant use of repetition emphasizes eternal love. In the second stanza, the narrator says â€Å"I was a child, and she was a child, in this kingdom by the sea† (Poe). 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The narrator consumes upon the old man’s eye and determines to perform a conscious act of murder. Fear is defined as a horrid feeling that is caused by a belief that a person or something is unsafe, most likelyRead More A Comparison of House of Usher, Bierces Beyond the Wall, The Black Cat, John Mortonsons Funeral1742 Words   |  7 PagesBeyond the Wall, Poe’s The Black Cat and Bierces John Mortonsons Funeral, and in M.S. Found in a Bottle by Poe and Three and One are One by Bierce.      Ã‚  Ã‚   When one decides to become an author, one can not help being influenced by his predecessors, causing some of ones work to reflect and echo the predecessors. Such is the case between Ambrose Bierce and his predecessor, Edgar Allen Poe. Excluding the obvious fact that both Poes and Bierces short stories show an attraction for death in itsRead MoreComparitve Analysis of the Raven Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe1257 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Raven Edgar Allen Poe was the author of several daunting works of literature. Two examples of Edgar Allen Poes literature are The Tell Tale Heart and The Raven. If we compare these two works, one a short story and the other a poem, we will see that Poe shows great mastery of symbolism, as well as other forms of literary technique. In these two stories, many people would say that Poe uses the tales to reflect the way he perceives life in general. Poe makes obvious use of symbolismRead MoreThe Raven By Edgar Allen Poe1049 Words   |  5 Pages Poetry has long been an art form that has entertained readers for many years. Edgar Allen Poe, a poet from the 1900’s, is known for his deep dark poems. He wrote many poems that are now considered classics. One of his greatest works, â€Å"The Raven†, was written in 1845; just two years before his wife Virginia Clemm died of Tuberculosis. The entirety of â€Å"The Raven† is confined in a man s chamber. It is a December winter and it is midnight. The narrator, the person who resides in the chamber, is readingRead MoreSetting in The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allen Poe881 Words   |  4 Pageshuman mind. One very famous Dark Romantic writer is Edgar Allen Poe. Poe is very well known for his many poems and short stories. He is also well known for the recurring theme of death in his stories and poems. In the short story â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allan Poe, setting is used to create the mood of the story, foreshadow future events , and to portray the characteristics of characters and show who they really are. Edgar Allan Poe uses setting to create a melancholy and gloomy moodRead MoreMadness of Tell-Tale Heart1287 Words   |  6 PagesMadness! Edgar Allen Poe once said, â€Å"Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality.† There are many breathtaking horror stories, but none of them influenced literature as much as â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart.† Poe uses the character and theme to make â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† one of his near perfect tales. His works often explored the inner workings of the human mind; in particular its dark side (Bouchard). This story shows the terrible war of superego upon the id, the

Sustainability Of The Westpac Bank in Australia †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Of The Westpac Bank in Australia. Answer: Introduction Westpac is one of the leading banks in Australia that has gained an immense popularity with an increasing number of customers. Here the focus will be on the sustainability of Westpac bank in order to achieve a good place in the list of the most sustainable organizations in the world (Westpac.com.au 2017). The ways in which the bank has maintained its sustainability and the policies they have taken to present themselves as one of the leading organizations in global sustainability has a lot to do with the customer loyalty of the bank. This paper aims to provide a brief outlook about the strategies the bank has taken to improve its services and the ways it has been tryingto improve its brand reputation. Both the internal and external stakeholders have been a part of this process of maintaining their sustainability. The different angles and views have to be analyzed in this paper. Sustainability of the bank Westpac bank has been a leading organization has been providing a quality service for years as the employees are completely dedicated to their responsibilities. They have a lot of social responsibilities that they maintain with appropriateness (Westpac.com.au 2017). Community support The Westpac Bank has believed in some important ideals. They believe that they can be able to prosper in this challenging business environment only if the community they are operating in, prospers (Westpac.com.au 2017). Their organizational culture has supported the ideal to support the community in a great extent over the years (Banks et al. 2013). This is their philosophy and they have faith in it. They contribute to a lot many a social cause and many social institutions. Like Westpac Foundation, St. George Foundation, BankSA Foundation, Bank of Melbourne Neighborhood Plan and others. They have contributed to natural disaster recovery trusts as well. They provide microfinance opportunities for their customers as well. They have built very strong community partnerships that help them to grow sustainable future for themselves (Banks et al. 2013). Customer support They have been trying to present themselves in a simpler way for the customers and they are trying their best so that the customers can improve in their transaction process (Weinstein and Roy 2012). They have developed some products and services that have yielded to support their customers in a large way. They have offered Disaster Relief Packages to the customers to support them at the time of a critical financial crisis (Westpac.com.au 2017). They provide the microfinance opportunities to their customers that help and encourage the new business owners waiting for their start up. They have opened a special bank account only for the women business enthusiasts in the country. Stakeholder support One of the most important services that they provide is the support to their internal and external stakeholders (Wong et al. 2012). The support they provide to their customers, suppliers, investors and other bodies is very important They have over a thousands of suppliers who provide them with lot of important resources worth $5 billion annually, they are quite dedicated to return the favor to them (Westpac.com.au 2017). The supply chain has a critical influence in improving their services and bringing sustainability to their operations. This positive force and opportunities will help to thrive for positive social and environmental change (Kasperson et al. 2012). They have maintained some long term relationships so that they can focus on socially responsible and sustainable business practices all over. The important thing that has been identified in this aspect that their moral, social and environmental sustainability has depended a lot on the activities of themselves that are conjug ated with their supplier as well. Their ethical responsibilities have driven them to maintain a strong relationship as well. They have focused on their investors as well. They have opted for some strategies that will guide them to combat against the risk situations by a strong relationship as well. They have maintained some policies, frameworks and perspectives that could guide them to avoid the risk situations. The issues and opportunities that are present in front of them should be dealt with firmness and positivity (Bushee and Miller 2012). Their governance framework is very supportive that works in positive them to maintain their social responsibilities. They maintain the strategy that they keep regular and transparent reporting so that their reporters are able to compare their performance on annual basis. However, their strategies and policies to maintain the sustainability in their organizations have not catered to satisfying the needs and expectations from their stakeholders like the internal management, employees, investors, NGOs and the corporate peers who work as key people behind their success in the global sphere (Thomas and Lamm 2012). In the following segment, the awards and acknowledgements that the bank has received can be underlined to have a better look at this scenario. The predecessor of Westpac, Bank of NSW has launched the very first disaster relief fund in Australia in 1817 (Luis, Dolinskaya and Smilowitz 2012). They are one of the nine founding members of the United Nations Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEPFI) in 1991 (Westpac.com.au 2017). They are the first bank in Australia to launch an environmental policy in 1992. They are the first Australian bank and one of the very first organizations who have established a formal community volunteering scheme in 1997. They first awarded the Federal Government Employer of Choice for Women in 1996 (Westpac.com.au 2017). They had enhanced the family-friendly policies, including the doubling of paid parental leave in 2005. They had endorsed the United Nations Principles for the Responsible Investment. 2016 Sustainability Report Their sustainability report for the year 2016 has shown that the growth rate of their sustainability has not been so progressive as in the previous years. However, they have been named as the most sustainable bank in the world despite some challenges, global issues and overcoming them at last. Their Reconciliation Action Plan has thrived for the indigenous Australians and helps them to progress in their economic development. They have participated in a lot of global forums and activities that have helped them to gain new experiences about the economic development of the people (Leigh and Blakely 2016). They have identified that the governments, social enterprises and business authorities should be working together a lot to achieve the goal of economic development and cater to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal. They have really responded well to the challenging issues over the years and this has yielded them the global leading position. They are concentrating on the Sust ainable Strategy invented by them that would be ending in the year 2017 (Westpac.com.au 2017). Sustainability performance Westpac Bank has launched many policies and frameworks to motivate the performance of the sustainability in the bank. There have been noticed many issues to cater to the needs and requirements of the customers and the other stakeholders. They have invested in the extra dedicated resources to counter the new and emerging threats. They have to enhance the resiliency of the security systems. The availability of the customers data has to be made safe as they have lost many of their customers because of being victims of cybercrime. The global research house has ranked the Westpacs mobile banking platform Westpac.Live. They have been able to introduce 188 new features in their various digital banking platforms. They have also invested their money in the innovative product design (Malarkey 2014). They have launched a new facility of services in the St. George. They have invested an amount of $278 million to strengthen and enhance the processes that already exist (Westpac.com.au, 2017). They have begun a new Group-wide Product and Service Lifecycle Policy because they want to strengthen the sustainability criteria and fairness to customers (Hepperle et al. 2012). They have participated in the industry initiatives very actively that has helped them to get a new place in the list of sustainable organizations. They have done it as their responsibility to ABA 6 Point Plan. They have also set up some Product Governance Committees to review the design and seek the opinions of their customers. The Westpac branch teller incentives have been reviewed so as to focus on the customer based strategies. They have delivered a very good performance with a 14% cash equity return that has supported them for a good business growth (Westpac.com.au 2017). They have assessed climate based reports as well because it is very important to review the climatic conditions in which they are operating. They have continuously applied the Groups Sustainability Risk Management Framework so that the sustainability risks could be identified, assessed and managed properly. These are the few ways the organization has attempted to recover the fallouts that have taken place in the last year to improve the conditions to prevent their loss of customers. The reports in the earlier years have to be brought back into practice to bring back the sustainability in the organization. Conclusion The paper can be concluded by saying that Westpac has been trying to bring back their old glory because they have suffered some setbacks in the recent years. Their sustainability efforts have also not been up to the mark that had been the benchmark in the industry quite a few years ago. However, they have managed to keep their position in the first place in the sustainability reports by the global organizations. They have planned to gain more sustainability into their organizations by applying more methods and strategies. References Banks, S., Butcher, H.L., Orton, A. and Robertson, J. eds., 2013.Managing community practice: Principles, policies and programmes. Policy Press. Bushee, B.J. and Miller, G.S., 2012. Investor relations, firm visibility, and investor following.The Accounting Review,87(3), pp.867-897. Hepperle, C., Orawsk, R., Nolte, B.D., Mrtl, M. and Lindemann, U., 2012, October. An integrated lifecycle model of product-service-systems. InProceedings of the 2nd CIRP IPS2 Conference 2010; 14-15 April; Linkping; Sweden(No. 077, pp. 159-166). Linkping University Electronic Press. Kasperson, J.X., Kasperson, R.E., Turner, B.L., Hsieh, W. and Schiller, A., 2012. Vulnerability to global environmental change. InThe Social Contours of Risk: Volume II: Risk Analysis, Corporations and the Globalization of Risk. Taylor and Francis. Leigh, N.G. and Blakely, E.J., 2016.Planning local economic development: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Luis, E., Dolinskaya, I.S. and Smilowitz, K.R., 2012. Disaster relief routing: Integrating research and practice.Socio-economic planning sciences,46(1), pp.88-97. Malarkey, A., 2014. Business model innovation: Game-changing the future.Government News,34(4), p.563. Thomas, T.E. and Lamm, E., 2012. Legitimacy and organizational sustainability.Journal of business ethics,110(2), pp.191-203. Weinstein, A. and Roy, K., Sequent Software Inc., 2012.System and method for increasing security in internet transactions. U.S. Patent Application 13/669,006. Westpac.com.au. (2017). Westpac - Personal, Business and Corporate Banking. [online] Available at: https://www.westpac.com.au/ [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Westpac.com.au. (2017). Westpac Annual report. [online] Available at: https://www.westpac.com.au/content/dam/public/wbc/documents/pdf/aw/ic/2016_Westpac_Annual_Report [Accessed 3 Sep. 2017]. Wong, C.W., Lai, K.H., Cheng, T.C.E. and Lun, Y.V., 2012. The roles of stakeholder support and procedure-oriented management on asset recovery.International journal of production economics,135(2), pp.584-594.